几种火灾探测器在公路隧道中的应用

如何迅速探测公路长隧道的火灾,一直是国内外研究的课题。隧道火灾报警是隧道安全系统非常重要的一部分。隧道火灾探测器的种类很多,本文根据隧道几种常见火灾探测器的工作原理、结构、性能特点及优缺点,简述其在高速公路隧道上的应用,并为公路隧道火灾探测器的选择提供参考。     

超长结构底板混凝土无缝施工

结合祥丰大厦施工的工程实践，介绍了采用后浇带的施工方法取代变形缝的设置及控制裂缝的产生，同时详细分析了混凝土裂缝产生的原因，并通过水泥品种、混凝土级配、外加剂的选用和使用，科学的布置后浇带的位置，合理组织混凝土的施工工艺、浇筑顺序、养护方法，从而控制了超长结构底板混凝土未出现任何有害的结构裂缝及温度变形裂缝。     

高层剪力墙底部加强部位最小厚度取值的商榷

高层剪力墙结构底部加强部位墙厚若要满足《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3—2002)第7.2.2-1~3款要求,可能会较大,不经济。按附录D墙体稳定计算方法,虽然为规程所允许,但该法在实际设计中运用不方便。引入满足稳定要求的等效轴压比限值[neq],以此来判断墙体是否满足稳定性要求。基于该等效轴压比限值的概念,分析三种常见截面墙体厚度在不满足最小厚度规定时的可行范围。建议对不满足最小墙厚规定的剪力墙结构,可以采用该等效轴压比和规程第7.2.14条给出的轴压比限值进行双重控制来确定其厚度取值。     

吊车梁的轮压荷载支承长度计算

吊车轮压荷载沿吊车梁跨度方向的支承长度就是吊车车轮与轨道的接触面宽度 ,吊车车轮与轨道的接触问题更接近平面应力问题。采用平面应力弹性理论 ,对吊车车轮与轨道的接触区尺寸进行理论分析。取在压力荷载作用下沿母线接触的两有限长度钢圆柱作为分析模型 ,得出了车轮与轨道的接触区宽度的计算公式。在 5 0 0 0kN长柱试验机上进行了轮子与轨道的接触问题试验 ,接触区尺寸采用印痕法测量。接触区宽度的试验值与理论计算值非常接近 ,可见分析接触问题的方法是合理的。得出的计算公式可供设计时参考。     

深厚软土地区小直径纯摩擦长桩承载性状研究

通过温州深厚软土地区小直径纯摩擦长桩的静载荷试验和桩身轴力的测试,探讨了小直径纯摩擦长桩的承载力性状和荷载传递机理,把实测摩阻力与理论值进行比较,指出这类桩从承载力角度看,存在着有效桩长。结合测试数据对桩身压缩变形特性进行了计算和讨论,可供纯摩擦长桩的理论研究和工程设计借鉴。     

Numerical and experimental study of velocity and temperature characteristics in a ventilated enclosure with underfloor ventilation systems

Airflow and temperature distributions in an enclosure with heat sources ventilated by floor supply jets with floor or ceiling air exit vents were investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. These ventilation configurations represent the floor return or the top return underfloor ventilation systems found in real applications. Experiments and numerical simulations were performed on a full-sized environmental chamber. The results reveal that the temperature stratification in the enclosure highly depended on the thermal length scale of the floor supply jets. When the thermal length scale of the supply jet was >1, temperature stratification was minor for all tested heat densities and air distribution methods. Significant vertical temperature gradients occurred when the jet thermal length scale was <1. Changes in air distribution methods also became significant for temperature stratification at small supply jet thermal length scales. Temperature stratification also affected the terminal height of the momentum-dominant region of the vertical buoyant supply jets. The applicability of these results to underfloor ventilation design was also discussed. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In designing underfloor ventilation systems, supply jet conditions and heat load density have to be considered to avoid thermal discomfort because of excessive temperature stratifications. This study demonstrated, by both numerical simulations and experiments, that thermal length scale can be used as a design indicator to predict thermal stratifications under a floor return and a top return underfloor ventilation setting.     

Fire Spread and Flame Length in Large-Scale Tunnel Fires

An analysis of fire spread during four large-scale fire tests that were performed in the Runehamar tunnel in Norway is presented. The fire loads consisted of mock-ups simulating a Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) trailer. The fire spread downstream of the HGV trailer mock-ups was studied, both to large targets with the same type of commodities as used in the trailer mock-up for each tests, and to small pieces of wood and plastic poles placed at different distances from the fire. The purpose was to determine a critical distance for fire spread between HGV trailers for different heat release rate histories. The time to ignition of a second object and fire spreading distances were estimated from post-visual observations and temperature measurements. Correlations for flame length were developed from the experimental results. Since the average temperature of the cross-section often is used to estimate fire spread, results from a model for the average temperature were compared with the measured temperatures.     

胶结式预应力锚索锚固段荷载传递特性研究

在边坡工程中大量使用胶结式预应力锚索，但对其作用机制方面研究还很少，特别是关于锚固段的荷载传递特性还存在很多模糊认识。为此，以胶结预应力锚索锚固段与围岩体界面特性、锚固段极限黏结强度以及侧阻力分布规律为基础，给出预应力锚索锚固段合理长度的计算方法，研究岩体特性、灌浆材料特性、束体材料以及三者之间相对刚度等因素对预应力锚索锚固段荷载传递特性的影响等机制问题，为合理进行预应力锚索设计提供了依据。     

冷轧带肋钢筋焊接网在楼板中的应用技术

结合具体的工程实例，介绍了冷轧带肋钢筋焊接网的应用前景和应用特点，阐述了冷轧带肋钢筋焊接网在楼（屋面）板中的几种安装方法，分析了其经济效益，证明该技术值得推广应用。     

钢筋混凝土连续梁中负弯矩钢筋分批切断延伸长度的试验研究

本文完成了负弯矩钢筋分两批切断的六根足尺约束梁和两根足尺悬臂梁的弯曲破坏试验。通过对各批钢筋延伸长度上应变分布的精确量测,研究了在不同的负弯矩区相对长度下,斜裂缝分布及粘结锚固效应对钢筋分批切断延伸长度的要求,给出了有试验依据的负弯矩钢筋分批切断延伸长度的确定方法。对比表明,我国现行国家标准GBJ 10-89规定的方法对负弯矩区相对长度较大的连续梁和悬臂梁偏不安全,建议作相应修正。